What Is Newborn Colic and Why Does It Occur?
Newborn colic refers to intense episodes of crying that typically begin within the first 2 weeks of life and can last up to 3–4 months. The main sign is fussiness, where the baby cries for more than 3 hours a day, more than 3 days a week, for at least 3 weeks.
The cause of colic is linked to the immaturity of the digestive system. During the first months, the gastrointestinal tract gradually adjusts to new food — breast milk or formula — which leads to pain and spasms. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, colic affects about 20% of infants under 3 months old.
Main Signs of Colic in Your Baby
You can identify colic by the following symptoms:
- Sudden and prolonged crying, often in the evening.
- The baby clenches fists and pulls legs up to the abdomen.
- Reddening of the face and tension in the abdominal muscles.
- Crying episodes are not related to hunger or a wet diaper.
- Belching and flatulence accompany the condition.
How to Distinguish Colic from Other Issues?
It is important to rule out illnesses that require medical attention, such as gastroesophageal reflux or allergies. If crying is accompanied by a temperature above 38 °C, refusal to eat, or sleep disturbances, you should urgently consult a pediatrician.
Causes of Colic: Physiological and External Factors
Physiological causes include intestinal immaturity, enzyme deficiencies, and microbiota imbalance. External factors can worsen the condition:
- Improper feeding — feeding too quickly or swallowing air.
- Using unsuitable formula — for example, cow’s milk-based without adaptation.
- Maternal stress during pregnancy and after birth.
- Environmental irritants — noise, bright lights.
The Role of Intestinal Microflora
Research shows that the intestinal microflora composition in colicky infants differs from that of healthy babies. Probiotics, such as the strain Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, are used to correct dysbiosis and reduce colic symptoms. The cost of a probiotic course in Russia ranges from 600 to 1500 rubles per month.
Practical Recommendations for Parents
To ease the baby’s condition, parents can try the following methods:
- Proper feeding: observe pauses, avoid overfeeding, and ensure deep sucking.
- Use special bottles with anti-colic valves, such as the Avent Anti-Colic bottle, costing around 1200 rubles.
- Soothing abdominal massage clockwise — 5–10 minutes 2–3 times a day.
- Warm bath and comfortable room temperature (about 22 °C).
- Positioning — hold the baby upright for 20 minutes after feeding.
Remedies and Medications
Pediatricians may recommend simethicone (for example, Espumizan) to reduce gas formation. The price for 30 ml is about 300 rubles. It is important to use it only as prescribed by a doctor.
| Remedy | Type | Price (₽) | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avent Anti-Colic | Bottle | 1200 | Anti-colic valve, BPA-free |
| Espumizan | Simethicone | 300 | Liquid, prescribed by pediatrician |
| Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 | Probiotic | 600–1500 | Capsules, 1-month course |
When to See a Doctor?
Although colic is a natural phenomenon, there are signs that require specialist consultation:
- Crying that lasts more than 5 hours straight.
- The baby is not gaining weight or is losing weight.
- Blood appears in the stool.
- Breathing problems or seizures.
The Role of the Pediatrician and Gastroenterologist
The doctor performs an examination, rules out pathologies, and may order an abdominal ultrasound and tests. In 2026, Russian Ministry of Health standards recommend a comprehensive approach including maternal diet, microbiota correction, and psychological support for the family.
- 20% chance of colic in newborns under 3 months
- 600–1500 ₽ cost of probiotic treatment course
- 1200 ₽ price of Avent anti-colic bottle
- 3 months maximum duration of colic symptoms
Frequently Asked Questions
Can newborn colic be prevented?
How long do colic episodes usually last?
Is it safe to give colic medication to a baby on your own?
Does the mother’s diet affect colic in a breastfed baby?
Key Takeaways
- Colic is common in 20% of newborns under 3 months.
- Main signs include prolonged crying, abdominal tension, and flatulence.
- The cause is the immaturity of the digestive system and microbiota.
- Proper feeding and anti-colic products help reduce symptoms.
- Serious symptoms require pediatric consultation.
Newborn colic is a challenge for parents, but understanding the physiology and using proven methods can significantly ease the baby’s discomfort. In 2026, many remedies and recommendations are available to help families get through this period with minimal stress.